Azure 存储文件共享 TS (时间戳/TypeScript)* *(注:由于输入仅为短语,ts 可能指代 Timestamp 或 TypeScript,在 Azure 存储上下文中通常指时间戳或相关开发语言)*
@azure/storage-file-share (TypeScript/JavaScript)
用于 Azure File Share 操作的 SDK —— 支持 SMB 文件共享、目录及文件操作。
安装
npm install @azure/storage-file-share @azure/identity当前版本: 12.x
Node.js: >= 18.0.0
环境变量
AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME=<account-name>
AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_KEY=<account-key>
或连接字符串
AZURE_STORAGE_CONNECTION_STRING=DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=...身份验证
连接字符串 (最简单)
import { ShareServiceClient } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
const client = ShareServiceClient.fromConnectionString(
process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_CONNECTION_STRING!
);
StorageSharedKeyCredential (仅限 Node.js)
import { ShareServiceClient, StorageSharedKeyCredential } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
const accountName = process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME!;
const accountKey = process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_KEY!;
const sharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(accountName, accountKey);
const client = new ShareServiceClient(
https://${accountName}.file.core.windows.net,
sharedKeyCredential
);
DefaultAzureCredential
import { ShareServiceClient } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
import { DefaultAzureCredential } from "@azure/identity";
const accountName = process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME!;
const client = new ShareServiceClient(
https://${accountName}.file.core.windows.net,
new DefaultAzureCredential()
);
SAS 令牌
import { ShareServiceClient } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
const accountName = process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME!;
const sasToken = process.env.AZURE_STORAGE_SAS_TOKEN!;
const client = new ShareServiceClient(
https://${accountName}.file.core.windows.net${sasToken}
);
客户端层级结构
ShareServiceClient (账户级)
└── ShareClient (共享级)
└── ShareDirectoryClient (目录级)
└── ShareFileClient (文件级)共享操作
创建共享
const shareClient = client.getShareClient("my-share");
await shareClient.create();
// 指定配额创建 (单位: GB)
await shareClient.create({ quota: 100 });
列出共享
for await (const share of client.listShares()) {
console.log(share.name, share.properties.quota);
}
// 使用前缀过滤
for await (const share of client.listShares({ prefix: "logs-" })) {
console.log(share.name);
}
删除共享
await shareClient.delete();
// 如果存在则删除
await shareClient.deleteIfExists();
获取共享属性
const properties = await shareClient.getProperties();
console.log("Quota:", properties.quota, "GB");
console.log("Last Modified:", properties.lastModified);设置共享配额
await shareClient.setQuota(200); // 200 GB目录操作
创建目录
const directoryClient = shareClient.getDirectoryClient("my-directory");
await directoryClient.create();
// 创建嵌套目录
const nestedDir = shareClient.getDirectoryClient("parent/child/grandchild");
await nestedDir.create();
列出目录和文件
文件const directoryClient = shareClient.getDirectoryClient("my-directory");
for await (const item of directoryClient.listFilesAndDirectories()) {
if (item.kind === "directory") {
console.log([DIR] ${item.name});
} else {
console.log([FILE] ${item.name} (${item.properties.contentLength} bytes));
}
}
删除目录
await directoryClient.delete();
// 如果存在则删除
await directoryClient.deleteIfExists();
检查目录是否存在
const exists = await directoryClient.exists();
if (!exists) {
await directoryClient.create();
}文件操作
上传文件(简单方式)
const fileClient = shareClient
.getDirectoryClient("my-directory")
.getFileClient("my-file.txt");
// 上传字符串
const content = "Hello, World!";
await fileClient.create(content.length);
await fileClient.uploadRange(content, 0, content.length);
上传文件(Node.js - 从本地文件)
import * as fs from "fs";
import * as path from "path";
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("uploaded.txt");
const localFilePath = "/path/to/local/file.txt";
const fileSize = fs.statSync(localFilePath).size;
await fileClient.create(fileSize);
await fileClient.uploadFile(localFilePath);
上传文件(Buffer)
const buffer = Buffer.from("Hello, Azure Files!");
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("buffer-file.txt");
await fileClient.create(buffer.length);
await fileClient.uploadRange(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
上传文件(流)
import * as fs from "fs";
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("streamed.txt");
const readStream = fs.createReadStream("/path/to/local/file.txt");
const fileSize = fs.statSync("/path/to/local/file.txt").size;
await fileClient.create(fileSize);
await fileClient.uploadStream(readStream, fileSize, 4 * 1024 * 1024, 4); // 4MB 缓冲区,4 个并发
下载文件
const fileClient = shareClient
.getDirectoryClient("my-directory")
.getFileClient("my-file.txt");
const downloadResponse = await fileClient.download();
// 以字符串形式读取
const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
for await (const chunk of downloadResponse.readableStreamBody!) {
chunks.push(Buffer.from(chunk));
}
const content = Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf-8");
下载到文件 (Node.js)
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("my-file.txt");
await fileClient.downloadToFile("/path/to/local/destination.txt");下载到 Buffer (Node.js)
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("my-file.txt");
const buffer = await fileClient.downloadToBuffer();
console.log(buffer.toString());删除文件
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("my-file.txt");
await fileClient.delete();
// 如果存在则删除
await fileClient.deleteIfExists();
复制文件
const sourceUrl = "https://account.file.core.windows.net/share/source.txt";
const destFileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClient("destination.txt");
// 开始复制操作
const copyPoller = await destFileClient.startCopyFromURL(sourceUrl);
await copyPoller.pollUntilDone();
文件属性与元数据
获取文件属性
const fileClient = shareClient.rootDirectoryClient.getFileClienconsole.log("Content-Length:", properties.contentLength);
console.log("Content-Type:", properties.contentType);
console.log("Last Modified:", properties.lastModified);
console.log("ETag:", properties.etag);
### 设置元数据await fileClient.setMetadata({
author: "John Doe",
category: "documents",
});
### 设置 HTTP 标头await fileClient.setHttpHeaders({
fileContentType: "text/plain",
fileCacheControl: "max-age=3600",
fileContentDisposition: "attachment; filename=download.txt",
});
## 范围操作 (Range Operations)
上传范围
### 下载范围### 清除范围## 快照操作
创建快照
### 访问快照### 删除快照## SAS 令牌生成 (仅限 Node.js)
生成文件 SAS
const sharedKeyCredential = new StorageSharedKeyCredential(accountName, accountKey);
const sasToken = generateFileSASQueryParameters(
{
shareName: "my-share",
filePath: "my-directory/my-file.txt",
permissions: FileSASPermissions.parse("r"), // 只读
expiresOn: new Date(Date.now() + 3600 * 1000), // 1 小时
},
sharedKeyCredential
).toString();
const sasUrl = https://${accountName}.file.core.windows.net/my-share/my-directory/my-file.txt?${sasToken};
### 生成共享 SASimport { ShareSASPermissions, generateFileSASQueryParameters } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
const sasToken = generateFileSASQueryParameters(
{
shareName: "my-share",
permissions: ShareSASPermissions.parse("rcwdl"), // 读取、创建、写入、删除、列出
expiresOn: new Date(Date.now() + 24 * 3600 * 1000), // 24 小时
},
sharedKeyCredential
).toString();
## 错误处理import { RestError } from "@azure/storage-file-share";
try {
await shareClient.create();
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof RestError) {
switch (error.statusCode) {
case 404:
console.log("未找到共享");
break;
case 409:
console.log("共享已存在");
break;
case 403:
console.log("访问被拒绝");
break;
default:
console.error(存储错误 ${error.statusCode}: ${error.message});
}
}
throw error;
}
## TypeScript 类型参考import {
// 客户端
ShareServiceClient,
ShareClient,
ShareDirectoryClient,
ShareFileClient,
// 身份验证
StorageSharedKeyCredential,
AnonymousCredential,
// SAS
FileSASPermissions,
ShareSAS
Permissions,
AccountSASPermissions,
AccountSASServices,
AccountSASResourceTypes,
generateFileSASQueryParameters,
generateAccountSASQueryParameters,
// 选项与响应
ShareCreateResponse,
FileDownloadResponseModel,
DirectoryItem,
FileItem,
ShareProperties,
FileProperties,
// 错误
RestError,
} from "@azure/storage-file-share";
最佳实践
1. 为了简单起见,请使用连接字符串 —— 开发环境最简单的配置方式
2. 生产环境请使用 DefaultAzureCredential —— 在 Azure 中启用托管标识
3. 为共享设置配额 —— 防止产生意外的存储费用
4. 大文件使用流式传输 —— 针对 > 256MB 的文件使用 uploadStream/downloadToFile
5. 部分更新使用范围 (Ranges) —— 比全量替换文件更高效
6. 重大变更前创建快照 —— 实现时间点恢复
7. 优雅地处理错误 —— 检查 RestError.statusCode 以进行特定处理
8. **使用 *IfExists 方法** —— 实现幂等操作
平台差异
| 功能 | Node.js | 浏览器 |
|---------|---------|---------|
| StorageSharedKeyCredential | ✅ | ❌ |
| uploadFile() | ✅ | ❌ |
| uploadStream() | ✅ | ❌ |
| downloadToFile() | ✅ | ❌ |
| downloadToBuffer() | ✅ | ❌ |
| SAS 生成 | ✅ | ❌ |
| DefaultAzureCredential | ✅ | ❌ |
| 匿名/SAS 访问 | ✅ | ✅ |
适用场景
本技能适用于执行概览中所描述的工作流或操作。局限性
- 仅在任务明确符合上述范围时使用此技能。
- 不要将输出结果视为针对特定环境的验证、测试或专家评审的替代方案。
- 如果缺少必要的输入、权限、安全边界或成功标准,请停止并请求澄清。